USB: serial: ch341: add basis for quirk detection

USB: serial: ch341: add basis for quirk detection

A subset of CH341 devices does not support all features, namely the
prescaler is limited to a reduced precision and there is no support for
sending a RS232 break condition. This patch adds a detection function
which will be extended to set quirk flags as they're implemented.

The author's affected device has an imprint of "340" on the
turquoise-colored plug, but not all such devices appear to be affected.

Signed-off-by: Michael Hanselmann <public@hansmi.ch>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1e1ae0da6082bb528a44ef323d4e1d3733d38858.1585697281.git.public@hansmi.ch
[ johan: use long type for quirks; rephrase and use port device for
	 messages; handle short reads; set quirk flags directly in
	 helper function ]
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>	# 5.5
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>